LIST OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 1 SECTORAL USE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
EXHIBIT 2 SEGMENTATION OF GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET
EXHIBIT 3 MARKET SIZE CALCULATION APPROACH 2021
EXHIBIT 4 IMPORTANCE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
EXHIBIT 5 APPLICATIONS OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY IN DIFFERENT SECTORS
EXHIBIT 6 IMPACT OF REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS
EXHIBIT 7 IMPACT OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE
EXHIBIT 8 IMPACT OF SYNTHETIC DNA AS A NEW STORAGE DEVICE
EXHIBIT 9 LIFETIME, STORAGE CAPACITY, AND COST OF DIFFERENT STORAGE SYSTEMS
EXHIBIT 10 IMPACT OF RISE IN MARKET INVESTMENTS
EXHIBIT 11 Q1-Q4 INVESTMENTS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY IN 2021
EXHIBIT 12 INVESTMENT DEALS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY BY DIFFERENT INDUSTRY SECTORS (2021)
EXHIBIT 13 IMPACT OF STRATEGIC COLLABORATIONS & ACQUISITIONS TO DEVELOP MULTIFUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS
EXHIBIT 14 IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIVE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE
EXHIBIT 15 IMPACT OF MISUSE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
EXHIBIT 16 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY CAPABILITIES ACCORDING TO HIGH-LOW CONCERN LEVELS
EXHIBIT 17 IMPACT OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-INDUCED CHANGES IN GLOBAL BIOSECURITY FRAMEWORK
EXHIBIT 18 TIMELINE SHOWING EXPANSION OF GLOBAL USERS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING & SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
EXHIBIT 19 IMPACT OF THREAT TO EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES
EXHIBIT 20 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET 2021–2027 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 21 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY
EXHIBIT 22 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS
EXHIBIT 23 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY
EXHIBIT 24 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATION
EXHIBIT 25 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER
EXHIBIT 26 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 2021
EXHIBIT 27 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TOOLS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 28 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS
EXHIBIT 29 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS: OVERVIEW
EXHIBIT 30 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS: INCREMENTAL GROWTH
EXHIBIT 31 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS: ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 32 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES DESIRABLE FOR EFFICIENT PCR PRIMERS
EXHIBIT 33 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY OLIGONUCLEOTIDES & SYNTHETIC DNA: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 34 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY OLIGONUCLEOTIDES & SYNTHETIC DNA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 35 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 36 VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF SYNTHETIC ENZYMES
EXHIBIT 37 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ENZYMES: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 38 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ENZYMES 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 39 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 40 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY CLONING TECHNOLOGY KITS: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 41 APPLICATIONS OF DNA CLONING
EXHIBIT 42 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY CLONING TECHNOLOGY KITS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 43 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 44 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY XENO-NUCLEIC ACIDS: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 45 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY XENO-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 46 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 47 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY CHASSIS ORGANISMS: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 48 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY CHASSIS ORGANISMS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 49 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 50 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TECHNOLOGY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 51 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY
EXHIBIT 52 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY: INCREMENTAL GROWTH
EXHIBIT 53 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY: OVERVIEW
EXHIBIT 54 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY: ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 55 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ENABLING TECHNOLOGY: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 56 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ENABLING TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 57 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 58 BENEFITS OF NGS
EXHIBIT 59 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ENABLED TECHNOLOGY: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 60 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ENABLED TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 61 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 62 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY APPLICATIONS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 63 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS
EXHIBIT 64 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS: INCREMENTAL GROWTH
EXHIBIT 65 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS: OVERVIEW
EXHIBIT 66 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS: ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 67 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS: GROWTH ANALYSIS
EXHIBIT 68 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 69 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 70 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 71 MAJOR EXAMPLES OF CHEMICALS PRODUCED THROUGH SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
EXHIBIT 72 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 73 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 74 ADVANTAGES OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY STRATEGIES TO BIOENERGY SECTOR
EXHIBIT 75 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 76 GLOBAL AREA COVERED BY GM CROPS 2017 (%)
EXHIBIT 77 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY FOOD & AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 78 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY FOOD & AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 79 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 80 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 81 ADVANTAGES OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
EXHIBIT 82 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 83 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 84 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY END-USER 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 85 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER
EXHIBIT 86 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USERS: INCREMENTAL GROWTH
EXHIBIT 87 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER: MARKET OVERVIEW
EXHIBIT 88 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER: ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 89 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER: GROWTH ANALYSIS
EXHIBIT 90 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ACADEMIC/RESEARCH INSTITUTES & LABORATORIES: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 91 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY ACADEMIC/RESEARCH INSTITUTES & LABORATORIES 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 92 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 93 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY PHARMA & BIOTECH COMPANIES: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 94 TOTAL GLOBAL REGENERATIVE MEDICINE AND ADVANCED THERAPY DEVELOPERS 2021
EXHIBIT 95 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY PHARMA & BIOTECH COMPANIES 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 96 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 97 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY OTHERS: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 98 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY OTHERS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 99 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 100 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 101 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY
EXHIBIT 102 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY: INCREMENTAL GROWTH
EXHIBIT 103 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY: ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 104 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA: KEY COUNTRIES 2021
EXHIBIT 105 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 106 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 107 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TOOLS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 108 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TECHNOLOGY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 109 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY APPLICATIONS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 110 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY END-USER 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 111 INCREMENTAL GROWTH IN NORTH AMERICA 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 112 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN US 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 113 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN CANADA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 114 PHARMA & BIOTECH COMPANIES INVOLVED IN R&D ACTIVITIES IN US, EUROPE, AND CHINA 2019
EXHIBIT 115 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE: KEY COUNTRIES 2021
EXHIBIT 116 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 117 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 118 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TOOLS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 119 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TECHNOLOGY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 120 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY APPLICATIONS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 121 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY END-USER 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 122 INCREMENTAL GROWTH IN EUROPE 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 123 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN UK 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 124 TIMELINE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GERMAN ASSOCIATION FOR SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
EXHIBIT 125 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN GERMANY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 126 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN FRANCE 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 127 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN ITALY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 128 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN SPAIN 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 129 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC: KEY COUNTRIES 2021
EXHIBIT 130 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 131 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 132 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TOOLS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 133 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TECHNOLOGY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 134 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY APPLICATIONS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 135 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY END-USER 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 136 INCREMENTAL GROWTH IN APAC 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 137 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN JAPAN 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 138 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN CHINA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 139 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 140 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN AUSTRALIA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 141 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN INDIA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 142 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA: KEY COUNTRIES 2021
EXHIBIT 143 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 144 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 145 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TOOLS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 146 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TECHNOLOGY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 147 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY APPLICATIONS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 148 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY END-USER 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 149 INCREMENTAL GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 150 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN BRAZIL 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 151 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MEXICO 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 152 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN ARGENTINA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 153 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET: KEY COUNTRIES 2021
EXHIBIT 154 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET: INCREMENTAL & ABSOLUTE GROWTH
EXHIBIT 155 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 156 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TOOLS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 157 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY TECHNOLOGY 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 158 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY APPLICATIONS 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 159 INCREMENTAL GROWTH BY END-USER 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 160 INCREMENTAL GROWTH IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 2021 & 2027
EXHIBIT 161 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN TURKEY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 162 SOUTH AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 163 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN SAUDI ARABIA 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
EXHIBIT 164 PURE & DIVERSIFIED VENDORS IN GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET
EXHIBIT 165 VENDORS OFFERING COMMERCIAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS: MARKET DOMINANCE ANALYSIS
EXHIBIT 166 KEY VENDORS OFFERING COMMERCIAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS: CAPABILITIES & EXPERTISE ASSESSMENT
EXHIBIT 167 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES: TOTAL REVENUE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 168 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES: R&D EXPENDITURE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 169 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES: REVENUE BY BUSINESS SEGMENT 2020–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 170 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES: REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 171 CODEXIS: TOTAL REVENUE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 172 CODEXIS: R&D EXPENDITURE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 173 CODEXIS: REVENUE BY BUSINESS SEGMENT 2020–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 174 CODEXIS: REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 175 EUROFINS SCIENTIFIC: TOTAL REVENUE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 176 EUROFINS SCIENTIFIC: REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 177 ILLUMINA: TOTAL REVENUE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 178 ILLUMINA: R&D EXPENDITURE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 179 ILLUMINA: REVENUE BY BUSINESS SEGMENT 2020–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 180 NOVOZYMES: TOTAL REVENUE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 181 NOVOZYMES: R&D EXPENDITURE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 182 NOVOZYMES: REVENUE BY BUSINESS SEGMENT 2020–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 183 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC: TOTAL REVENUE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 184 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC: R&D EXPENDITURE 2019–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 185 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC: REVENUE BY BUSINESS SEGMENT 2020–2021 ($ MILLION)
EXHIBIT 186 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC: REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHY 2021 ($ MILLION)
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 KEY CAVEATS
TABLE 2 CURRENCY CONVERSION 2015–2021
TABLE 3 APPROVED GENE THERAPY PRODUCTS 2019–2021
TABLE 4 DNA VS. CHEMICAL-BASED METHODS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
TABLE 5 EVOLUTION OF DNA AS DATA STORAGE
TABLE 6 EXAMPLES OF INVESTMENTS IN RECENT YEARS
TABLE 7 RECENT COLLABORATIONS IN GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET
TABLE 8 RECENT ACQUISITIONS IN GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET
TABLE 9 OLIGONUCLEOTIDES & SYNTHETIC DNA IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 10 OLIGONUCLEOTIDES & SYNTHETIC DNA IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 11 ENZYME CLASSES, TYPES OF REACTIONS, AND CORRESPONDING ENZYMES
TABLE 12 ENZYMES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 13 ENZYMES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 14 CLONING TECHNOLOGY KITS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 15 CLONING TECHNOLOGY KITS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 16 XENO-NUCLEIC ACIDS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 17 XENO-NUCLEIC ACIDS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 18 CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROBIAL CHASSIS
TABLE 19 CHASSIS ORGANISMS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 20 CHASSIS ORGANISMS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 21 ENABLING TECHNOLOGY IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 22 ENABLING TECHNOLOGY IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 23 ENABLED TECHNOLOGY IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 24 ENABLED TECHNOLOGY IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 25 HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 26 HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 27 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MICROBIAL ENZYMES
TABLE 28 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 29 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 30 REFORMATION & REVOLUTION OF FOOD INDUSTRY BY SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
TABLE 31 FOOD & AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 32 FOOD & AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 33 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 34 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 35 GLOBAL UNIVERSITIES FOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS
TABLE 36 ACADEMIC/RESEARCH INSTITUTES & LABORATORIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 37 ACADEMIC/RESEARCH INSTITUTES & LABORATORIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 38 TOP COUNTRIES WITH GENOMICS FIRMS
TABLE 39 PHARMA & BIOTECH COMPANIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 40 PHARMA & BIOTECH COMPANIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 41 OTHERS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 42 OTHERS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 43 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 44 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 45 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 46 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 47 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 48 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 49 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 50 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 51 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 52 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 53 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 54 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 55 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 56 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 57 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 58 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN EUROPE BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 59 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 60 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 61 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 62 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 63 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 64 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 65 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 66 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN APAC BY END-USER 2021-2027 (%)
TABLE 67 AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRY EXPECTED GROWTH IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY BY 2040
TABLE 68 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 69 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 70 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 71 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 72 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 73 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 74 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 75 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 76 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 77 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 78 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 79 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 80 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 81 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 82 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 83 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 84 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 85 CODEXIS: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 86 EUROFINS SCIENTIFIC: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 87 ILLUMINA: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 88 NOVOZYMES: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 89 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 90 AMYRIS: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 91 ATUM: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 92 BIO-RAD LABORATORIES: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 93 CREATIVE BIOGENE: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 94 CREATIVE ENZYMES: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 95 CYRUS BIOTECHNOLOGY: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 96 EDITAS MEDICINE: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 97 GENOMATICA: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 98 GENSCRIPT: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 99 GINKGO BIOWORKS: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 100 INTEGRATED DNA TECHNOLOGIES: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 101 LUCIGEN: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 102 NEW ENGLAND BIOLABS: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 103 ORIGENE TECHNOLOGIES: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 104 PRECIGEN: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 105 SENTEBIOLAB: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 106 SYNBICITE: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 107 SYNTHEGO: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 108 TESSERA THERAPEUTICS: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 109 VIRIDOS: MAJOR PRODUCT OFFERINGS
TABLE 110 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 111 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 112 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 113 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 114 EUROPE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 115 EUROPE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 116 APAC SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 117 APAC SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 118 LATIN AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 119 LATIN AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 120 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 121 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TOOLS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 122 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 123 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 124 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 125 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 126 EUROPE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 127 EUROPE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 128 APAC SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 129 APAC SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 130 LATIN AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 131 LATIN AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 132 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 133 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 134 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 135 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 136 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 137 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 138 EUROPE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 139 EUROPE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 140 APAC SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 141 APAC SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 142 LATIN AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 143 LATIN AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 144 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 145 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY APPLICATIONS 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 146 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 147 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 148 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 149 NORTH AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 150 EUROPE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 151 EUROPE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 152 APAC SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 153 APAC SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 154 LATIN AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 155 LATIN AMERICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 156 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 157 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END-USER 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 158 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 159 GLOBAL SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 160 OLIGONUCLEOTIDES & SYNTHETIC DNA IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 161 OLIGONUCLEOTIDES & SYNTHETIC DNA IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 162 ENZYMES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 163 ENZYMES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 164 CLONING TECHNOLOGY KITS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 165 CLONING TECHNOLOGY KITS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 166 XENO-NUCLEIC ACIDS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 167 XENO-NUCLEIC ACIDS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 168 CHASSIS ORGANISMS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 169 CHASSIS ORGANISMS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 170 ENABLING TECHNOLOGY IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 171 ENABLING TECHNOLOGY IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 172 ENABLED TECHNOLOGY IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 173 ENABLED TECHNOLOGY IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 174 HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 175 HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 176 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 177 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 178 FOOD & AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 179 FOOD & AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 180 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 181 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 182 ACADEMIC/RESEARCH INSTITUTES & LABORATORIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 183 ACADEMIC/RESEARCH INSTITUTES & LABORATORIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 184 PHARMA & BIOTECH COMPANIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 185 PHARMA & BIOTECH COMPANIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)
TABLE 186 OTHERS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 ($ BILLION)
TABLE 187 OTHERS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY 2021–2027 (%)